Check
out the Bug Guide below to learn more about the type of pests
you may be dealing with:
Ants invade your home through tiny cracks in search of food, leaving behind a long lasting and invisible scent trail for the rest of the colony to follow. Over-the-counter sprays just kill the ants you see and if you do not find the next and eliminate the queen they're soon back on the trail. The most common types of ants include:
Carpenter
Ant: Genus Camponotus
Appearance: Among the largest ants, from one-fourth to three-eighths
inch long; most common species is black, but some have reddish or yellowish
coloration; workers have large mandibles.
Habits: Normally nest in dead portions of standing trees, stumps or logs,
or burrow under fallen logs or stones; invade homes in search of food; nests
inside homes can do great damage; hollow out "galleries" in wood that are so
smooth they appear to be sandpapered.
Diet: Do not eat wood; will feed on nearly anything people eat, particularly
sweets and meats; also feed on other insects. Reproduction: Queen lays
15 to 20 eggs the first year, and up to 30 eggs the second year; eggs complete
their life cycle in about 60 days; worker ants can live up to seven years, while
a queen may live up to 25 years.
Other Criteria: All kinds of houses, regardless of age or type of construction,
are vulnerable to infestation and damage by carpenter ants; very difficult to
control; colonies can contain up to 3,000 workers.
Fire
Ant: Genus Solenopsis
Appearance: Reddish, about one-fourth inch long.
Habits: Nest in mounds of one to two feet in diameter and about one and
one-half feet high; large colonies can have up to 250,000 workers; very active
and aggressive; will sting any intruding animal repeatedly.
Diet: Omnivorous, known to eat meats, greasy and sweet materials.
Reproduction: Total time from egg to adult averages 30 days; workers
live up to 180 days; queens live two to six years.
Other Criteria: Has been known to remove rubber insulation from telephone
wires; sting is painful and can kill young wildlife.
Odorous
House Ant: Tapinoma Sessile
Appearance:Dark reddish brown to black, one-tenth inch long; antennae
have 12 segments.
Habits: Nests found in a great variety of situations; in the home, often
found nesting in the walls or beneath the floor; most likely to invade homes
during rainy weather; travel in trails; forage day and night.
Diet: Honeydew melons in the wild; inside the home, they prefer sweet
items.
Reproduction: Each female in the nest lays one egg a day; young reach
adulthood in an average of 24 days; workers and females live for several years.
Other Criteria: When crushed, give off very unpleasant odor; colonies
are very large, but can be driven away by invading Argentine ants.
Argentine
Ant: Iridomyrmex Humilis
Appearance: From light to dark brown, about one-tenth inch long; antenna
has 12 segments.
Habits: Readily adaptable and can nest in a great variety of situations;
colonies are massive, and may contain hundreds of queens; nests are usually
located in moist soil, next to or under buildings, along sidewalks or beneath
boards; travel in trails; forage day and night.
Diet: Omnivorous; can eat almost anything; prefer sweet foods.
Reproduction: Eggs are white, laid in summer; larvae emerge after about
28 days; adult stage reached in about 74 days.
Other Criteria: Has no important natural enemy in the United States.
Pharoah
Ant: Monomorium Pharaonis
Appearance: Very small; light yellow to red, with black markings on abdomen;
about one-sixteenth inch long.
Habits: Depends on artificial heating in human dwellings to survive;
infestations commonly occur in food service areas; will nest in any well-protected
and hidden areas throughout a structure; can nest outdoors in lawns or gardens.
Diet: Food of all types, but especially sweets; will also eat other insects.
Reproduction: Grows from egg to adult in about 45 days; females live
as long as 39 weeks and can lay about 400 eggs; workers only live up to 10 weeks.
Other Criteria: The
most persistent and difficult of all household ants to control; very large colonies,
with up to several million workers and thousands of queens.
Pavement
Ant: Tetramorium Caespitum
Appearance: Light brown to black, appendages lighter than rest of the
body; about one-tenth inch long; parallel lines on head and thorax; antennae
of 12 segments.
Habits: Invade homes foraging for food throughout the year; nests are
outdoors under stones, along curbing or in cracks of pavement; can nest indoors
in walls and under floors.
Diet: Omnivorous; will eat many things, but prefer greasy and sweet foods.
Reproduction: Queen produces five to 20 eggs per day; brood develops
in about 40 days; young go through 3 larval stages. Other Criteria: Slow-moving;
a particular nuisance around homes with slab-on-grade construction.
Thief
Ant: Solenopsis Molesta
Appearance: One of the smallest household ants, about
one-thirty-second to one-sixteenth inch long; antennae have 10 segments; range
in color from yellowish to brown.
Habits: Nests occur in a great variety of locations outside the home,
especially under rocks; may nest indoors in cracks and cupboards.
Diet: Feed on immature forms of other ants and insects; also attracted
to greasy or high protein foods such as cheese and animal matter. Reproduction:
Queens lay an average of 105 eggs, which incubate for 16 to 28 days; larval
stage may last 21 days in summer, but can last through the winter.
Other Criteria: So small they are difficult to detect; very persistent,
and therefore difficult to control.
Cockroachs
For every cockroach you see, there
can easily be 300 more hiding behind the walls. The most bothersome type is
the German Cockroach. Others include:
American Cockroach
the largest house-infesting species, about one and one-half inches long reddish-brown
wings light markings on thorax very aggressive prefer warm, damp areas more
likely to be seen in daytime and outdoors than other species scavengers that
will eat almost anything commonly found in food preparation areas can live up
to 15 months.
Smokey Brown Cockroach
dark brown, up to one and one-half inches long prefers to live outdoors populations
are relatively immobile compared to other species scavengers that will eat almost
anything normally feed on plant material adults can live up to 200 days particularly
numerous in southeastern U.S. fly towards lights at night.
German Cockroach about
five-eighths inch long light to medium brown nocturnal primarily infest areas
close to food, moisture and warmth most common cockroach found in and around
apartments, homes, supermarkets and restaurants scavengers that will eat almost
anything adults can live up to one year extremely heavy infestations are not
uncommon widest distribution of all cockroaches in U.S.
Oriental Cockroach
dark brown about one inch long common outdoors often enter buildings through
sewer pipes tend to live near the ground and in warm damp areas eat anything,
but found often feeding on garbage, sewage, and decaying organic matter seem
to prefer starches if available adults can live up to 180 days more sluggish
than other species give off distinctive unpleasant odor.
Brown Banded Cockroach
about five-eighths inch long wings have two brownish-yellow bands nocturnal
can fly may be found throughout any structure, but prefer dry, warm areas, high
locations, and inside furniture scavengers that will eat almost anything adults
live up to 10 months
There are many different types of spiders. The most common types in people's homes are Brown Recluse Spiders, Daddy-Long-Legs and Black Widow Spiders.
Brown
Recluse Spider: Loxosceles reclusa
Appearance: Yellowish to brown, with a dark brown violin-shaped dorsal
marking; 5/8 to 1/2 inch long.
Habits: Can be found outside under rocks, leaves, debris, bark, woodpiles,
utility boxes; found inside in storage areas such as closets, attics, bedrooms;
usually found close to the ground.
Diet: Cockroaches, crickets and other soft-bodied insects.
Reproduction: Mating occurs from Feb. to Oct.; 40 to 50 eggs are deposited
in off-white, round silken cases; lifetime averages from one to two years.
Other Critera: Bites when disturbed; bites can cause a disfiguring scar.
Daddy-Long-Legs:
Family Phalangiidae
Appearance: From 1/8 to 1/2 inch long; yellowish to greenish-brown or
reddish-brown; four pairs of long, thin legs.
Habits: Fond in open areas on foliage and tree trunks, or on shady walls
outside buildings.
Diet: Small insects and decaying organic matter; plant juices.
Reproduction: Females deposit eggs into soil individually; eggs overwinter
and hatch in the spring; one generation a year.
Other Critera: Legs break off easily and cannot be regenerated; if disturbed,
they furiously wave second pair of legs in the air.
Black Widow
Spider: Genus Latrodectus
Appearance: Female is 1/2 inch long; shiny black, with hourglass-shaped
red mark on underside of abdomen.
Habits: Can be found almost anywhere, indoors or out; prefer to build
their nests close to the ground.
Diet: Insects trapped in web made by female.
Reproduction: Contrary to popular belief, female is usually unsuccessful
in any attempt to eat male after mating; 300 to 400 eggs are laid in silken
cocoon, hatch in about ten days.
Other Critera: Black widows are not aggressive, and will not bite unless
provoked; bites are poisonous, but rarely fatal; if bitten, seek medical attention.
Rodents can carry serious diseases and they are instinctively wary of traps and bait. The most common include: House Mice, Norway Rats and Roof Rats.
House
Mouse: Mus Musculus
Appearance: Small and slender, three to four inches long, with large
ears, small eyes and pointed nose; light brown or light gray; droppings are
rod-shaped.
Habits: Nest within structures and burrow; establish a "territory" near
food sources, generally 10 to 30 feet from nest; inquisitive, but very wary;
excellent climbers.
Diet: Omnivorous, prefer cereal grains.
Reproduction: Prolific breeders at two months; can have litters as often
as every 40 or 50 days, with four to seven young per litter; live up to one
year.
Other Critera: Feed 15 to 20 times per day; can squeeze through a hole
one-fourth inch wide; carry many serious diseases.
Norway Rat:
Rattus Norvegicus
Appearance: Brown, heavy-bodied, six to eight inches long; small eyes
and ears, blunt nose; tail is shorter than head and body; fur is shaggy; droppings
are capsule-shaped.
Habits: Nest in underground burrows, from which they enter buildings
in search of food; tend to remain in hiding during the day. Diet: Omnivorous,
but prefer meats; cannot survive long without water.
Reproduction: Reaches sexual maturity in two months; can breed any month
of the year; litter may number from eight to twelve; females can have four to
seven litters per year; adults live as long as one year.
Other Critera: Most common rat in U.S.; limited agility, but excellent
swimmer; carrier of many serious diseases.
Roof Rat: Rattus
Rattus
Appearance: Black or brown, seven to 10 inches long, with a long tail
and large ears and eyes, with a pointed nose; body is smaller and sleeker than
Norway rat; fur is smooth.
Habits: Nests inside and under buildings, or in piles of rubbish or wood;
excellent climber; can often be found in the upper parts of structures.
Diet: Omnivorous, but show a preference for grains, fruits, nuts and
vegetables.
Reproduction: Becomes sexually mature at four months; four to six litters
per year; four to eight young per litter; live up to one year.
Other Critera: Very agile; can squeeze through openings only 1/2 inch
wide; carry many serious diseases.
Fleas can carry a number of diseases and the females lay up to 800 eggs in a lifetime.
Flea: Order Siphonaptera
Appearance: Black to brownish-black, about one-twelfth to one-sixteenth
inch long; six legs, with many bristles on body and legs; flattened body.
Habits: Found on cats and dogs year-round, but most common during warm
and humid weather; readily attack and feed on humans; can jump as much as seven-eighth
inch vertically, and 14 to 16 inches horizontally.
Diet: Blood Reproduction: Female can lay about 25 eggs a day, and up
to 800 eggs during her lifetime; fleas undergo complete metamorphosis, usually
in 14 to 90 days.
Other Critera: Carrier of many diseases; adults can live one to two months
without feeding.
Millipedes, Centipedes & Silverfish
Millipede:
Class Diplopoda
Appearance: Brownish, one to 1 - 1/2 inches long; segmented, with a pair
of legs per segment.
Habits: Nocturnal; normally live outdoors under objects located on damp
soil; hordes will crawl into homes.
Diet: Damp and decaying wood and plant matter.
Reproduction: Eggs are deposited in the soil; most species reach sexual
maturity in the second year, and live several years after that.
Other Criteria: There are occasions when thousands of millipedes will
populate an area, sometimes carpeting the ground with their bodies.
Centipede:
Class Chilopoda
Appearance: Flattened, with one pair of legs on most of their segments;
segments number from 10 to 100; one to 1 - 1/2 inches long; various colors.
Habits: Usually live outdoors beneath damp accumulations of leaves, stones,
boards, etc; occasionally find their way into homes, where they hide in moist
basements, damp closets and bathrooms; when disturbed, they run swiftly.
Diet: Insects and spiders.
Life Span: Some species live as long as five to six years.
Other Criteria: Large jaws can bite humans, but the bite is seldom worse
than a bee sting.
Silverfish:
Order Thysanura
Appearance: About 1/4 inch - 1/2 inch long, somewhat "carrot-shaped" from
above; gray or silver -colored; three filaments extend from rear.
Habits: Nocturnal; move swiftly, can jump; found where there is excessive
humidity; are attracted to books, wallpaper and other paper products that have
a high starch content.
Diet: Prefer starch, paste, glue; paper products of all kinds; starched
textiles.
Reproduction: Two to three month reproductive cycle; lay about 50 eggs
per batch; live two to 2 - 1/2 years.
Other Criteria: Thought to belong to one of the most primitive existing
insect orders, more than 400 million years old.
Bee: Order Hymenoptera
Appearance: Most species of concern to man have yellow and black coloring;
seven-sixteenths to five-eighths inch long; appear to have hairy bodies.
Habits: Live in colonies of 20,000 to 80,000 individuals; will leave
humans alone if not provoked.
Diet: Nectar and pollen.
Reproduction: Only one egg-laying queen in a hive; queen may live as
long as five years and lay as many as 1,500 to 2,000 eggs per day; worker females
protect eggs and the young; drones' only duty is to mate with queen, after which
they die.
Other Criteria: Stings can be painful, but are harmless to most people;
however, dangerous allergic reactions can occur.
Wasps: Order
Hymenoptera
Appearance: Variety of shapes and colors; can be distinguished form bees
by their smooth, rather than hairy, bodies; 1/2 inch to 3/4 inch long.
Habits: Exhibit predatory and scavenging behavior; some species are solitary,
while others live in colonies which may number thousands of individuals.
Diet: Primarily protein such as spiders and soft-bodied insects, and small
animals.
Reproduction: Social wasps begin a nest with one queen laying all eggs
for colony; if a queen dies, a worker can take over egg-laying function until
colony produces new queen.
Other Criteria: Very protective of their nests; will defend against invaders
with painful stings.
Carpenter
Bee: Genus Xylocopa
Appearance: Large, about one inch, resemble bumble-bees; some species
may have a blue-black, green or purple metallic sheen; no hair on abdomen.
Habits: Often burrow into the exposed, unfinished dry wood of buildings,
telephone poles, fence posts and bridges; prefer softer woods for nesting; not
social insects, although individuals may establish burrows close to each other.
Diet: Pollen and nectar.
Reproduction: Complete one generation per year in most of the U.S.; mature
from egg to adult in from 84 to 99 days; female furnishes nest with "bee bread,"
a mixture of pollen and regurgitated nectar, and lays an egg on top of it.
Other Criteria: Damage to wood from a pair of bees is slight, but a larger
number can, over a period of time, cause considerable damage; do not sting;
make loud buzzing noise when flying.
Honey Bee:
Apis mellifera
Appearance: Up to 5/8 inch long; reddish-brown and black with paler,
orange-yellow rings on abdomen; two pairs of wings. Habits: Very social;
hive in hollow trees and in hives kept by beekeepers; pollinate crops and produce
honey.
Diet: Adults drink nectar and eat honey.
Reproduction: Queen lays eggs at intervals, producing colonies of 60,000
to 80,000 members; life span is usually two to three years for the queen; drones
die after mating.
Other Criteria: Workers have a stinger that is used when colony is threatened;
members of hive pass food to one another mixed with saliva to form a chemical
bond.
Diseases Caused by Pest Birds
The general public's affection toward birds translates into a serious underestimation of the health risks associated with pest birds. People who would never tolerate a colony of rats living in their attic will turn a blind eye towards pigeons entrenched in the rafters of their roof. Yet, in terms of disease and damage, the two pests are quite similar. In order to better understand how nuisance birds (or rats for that matter) spread disease we need to understand the basics of disease and transmission.
How Pest Birds Harbor and Spread Disease
The five types of infectious agents listed above can be associated with birds
in the following ways: the disease lives in the bird and is passed on when the
bird defecates; the disease lives in the birds surrounding environment and is
spread by the birds lifestyle; the disease lives inside a parasite that the
bird harbors. From understanding how the bird harbors diseases we can demonstrate
the four ways the diseases are passed by the bird to humans.
Diseases Associated with Pest Birds
Bacterial: Paratyphoid Vibriosis Salmonella Listeriosis Pasteurellosis
Fungal: Histoplasmosis Candidiasis Sarcosporidiosias Blastomycosis
Viral: Encephalitis Meningitis Newcastle Disease St. Louis Encephalitis
Protozoal: Toxoplasmosis Trichomoniasis American Trypansomiasis
Rickettsia:l Rickets (Does not include diseases spread by parasites
which live on pest birds)
Reasons to Gain Control of a Pigeon Problem
Damage Caused by Pest Birds
Pest birds cause tens of millions of dollars of damage every year
to American buildings, machinery, automobiles, roofs, ventilation systems and
much more. Bird droppings and nesting materials which are allowed to accumulate
pose a host of physical problems which can become very serious if they are not
corrected immediately.
Damage to Roofs by Droppings
Bird droppings are very acidic in nature. They actually eat away at many substrates,
especially tar-based roofing materials. Droppings which are allowed to accumulate
on roofs will eat into the material and eventually cause leaks. The life expectancy
of a warehouse roof can be cut in half by just a light, but continuous, application
of bird droppings.
Damage to Roofs by Nests
Pigeon, starling and sparrow nests are often built in rain gutters, drains and
corners of roofs where drains are located. Several warehouses every year experience
great damage, even collapsed roofs, when drainage systems are blocked and standing
water is allowed to rise just six inches. A collapsed roof that resulted in
death or great physical damage could put a company out of business.
Damage to Machinery
Acidic bird droppings can do great damage to air conditioning equipment, industrial
machinery, siding, insulation etc. Not only is the equipment being damaged,
but workers are exposed to a dangerous health-risk any time they work on or
around the machinery.
Fires Started by Bird Nests
Nesting materials are usually very flammable due to their construction of straw,
twigs and dried droppings. When birds build their nests inside electric signs
or other machinery there is a great risk of fire. Electric sign companies blame
bird nests for most of their sign fires.
Ventilation Systems Blocked by Bird Nests
Bird nests built in chimneys and ventilation systems can not only spread diseases
through the system, but can actually block air-flow which can have horrible
consequences. A family of five in Cleveland was killed by carbon monoxide poisoning
just before Christmas 1995 because the exhaust system of their fireplace was
blocked by bird nests.
Automobile Finishes Damaged by Bird Droppings
Most bird droppings, but especially pigeon and gull, will fade paint finishes
by actually eating into the protective coating and the paint itself. The longer
the droppings are allowed to sit on the paint, the more damage it will do.
Damage to Food and Other Products by Bird Droppings
Birds flying around the insides of warehouses, airplane hangars, factories and
convention centers can wreak havoc. Bird droppings can ruin plastics when they
are being molded, they can destroy any number of different chemicals and liquids
which are being manufactured, they will ruin new and old paint jobs on aircraft,
and they can contaminate food which is being made or packaged. These types of
ruined products often cost millions of dollars in waste.
Damage to Company Image by Bird Droppings
Droppings and nesting materials on or around a building send a message to the
public that a building is not properly maintained. One is forced to wonder how
clean a restaurant's kitchen could be if they don't even care about bird droppings
dripping down the sign.
Collapsed Ceilings
Pigeons have been know to enter attics of houses, apartments, restaurants and
other buildings through openings that have been either broken or never sealed
off in the first place. In most cases the pigeons set up homes in these protected
areas, build nests and discard their bodily waste. Often the weight of the droppings
becomes so great that the actual ceiling collapses. One would guess that this
type of occurrence would be extremely random but it happens with alarming frequency.
Booklice:
Family Psocidae
Appearance: Colorless to gray or light brown, ranging from 1/25 to 1/12
inch long.
Habits: Prefer to live in damp, warm areas; can be found outdoors in
grass or leaves, and in areas where molds grow.
Diet: Microscopic molds and starchy materials such as paste and glues
of book bindings and wallpaper.
Reproduction: Single female produces between 120 to 456 offspring; lifetime
averages 24 to 110 days.
Other Criteria: Over 100 species in the U.S., with only a few species
found indoors; may become abundant and cause damage to books.
Earwig: Order
Dermaptera
Appearance: 5/8 inch long, dark reddish-brown, with yellow-brown legs;
large forceps (cerci) on the end of the abdomen, which pose no threat to humans.
Habits: Found all over homes, particularly in cracks and crevices near
or on the ground; active primarily at night.
Diet: Scavengers; will eat just about anything.
Reproduction: Up to 60 eggs are laid in burrows in the ground and guarded
by the female; hatch in the spring.
Other Criteria: Many species have a gland which secretes a foul-smelling,
yellowish-brown liquid when threatened.
Pill
Bug/Sow Bug: Order Isopoda
Appearance: Not more than 3/4 inch long; thorax composed of seven hard
overlapping plates with seven pairs of legs; only pillbugs are able to roll
up into a ball.
Habits: Prefer moist locations; found under objects on damp ground; mostly
nocturnal; sometimes found in basements and ground levels of structures.
Diet: Decaying vegetable matter.
Reproduction: Female gives birth to between 24 and 28 young per brood;
usually on e to three generations a year; may live as long as two years.
Other Criteria: Pillbugs and related sowbugs are the only crustaceans
that have become completely adapted to living their whole life on land.
Scorpion:
Order Scorpionida
Appearance: Range in size from 1 - 1/2 to three inches long; eight legs,
a pair of large pinchers and a pair of small pinchers near the mouth; tail possesses
a stinger.
Habits: Most active at night; during the day, they hide under bark, logs
or stones; in houses, they hide in closets, shoes and folded clothes.
Diet: Small spiders and soft-bodied insects; will eat other scorpions.
Reproduction: Females produce an average of 32 young; young reach maturity
in three to four years.
Other Criteria: Common in southern states; most species deliver a sting
no more harmful than a bee's; very poor eyesight; use pinchers as feelers.
Tick: Order Acarina
Appearance: Appearance differs by species, but all adults are very small,
roundish, with eight legs (larvae or seed ticks have six legs); 1/8 to 1/2 inch
long.
Habits: Live on the bodies of mammals, birds and reptiles.
Diet: Blood; all species can swell to a considerable size after feeding.
Reproduction: Mating usually occurs while adult ticks are on the host
animal; female hard ticks feed only once, and lay one large batch of up to 10,000
eggs; female soft tick will feed several times and lay 20 -50 eggs after each
meal; eggs hatch in 19 to 60 days.
Other Criteria: Ticks are known carriers of many serious diseases, including
encephalitis, tick paralysis, typhus and Lyme disease; adults can live over
500 days without a meal.
Bostrichid
Powderpost Beetle: Family Bostrichidae
Appearance: Reddish brown to black, about one-eighth to one-fourth inch;
elongated and slender.
Habits: Females bore into wood and create tunnels for laying eggs; infest
both softwoods and hardwoods, but cause most damage in hardwoods.
Diet: Usually new wood, less than ten years old.
Reproduction: Eggs are laid inside tunnels; larvae complete their development
usually in about one year, but have been known to take up to five.
Other Information: Often found in oak, firewood, and furniture.
Clothes
Moth: Order Lepidoptera
Appearance: Larvae are shiny, white worms about 1/2 inch long; adults
have narrow fringed wings, are yellowish-brown and also about 1/2 inch long.
Habits: Prefer darkness; can disappear quickly if disturbed.
Diet: Wool and other fabrics, fur; other protein-based materials. Reproduction:
Adult females lay up to 200 eggs; larvae reach maturity in 35 days to 2 - 1/2
years; adults live 15 - 30 days.
Other Criteria: Only the larvae feed and are capable of damaging material
items.
Indian
Meal Moth: Plodia interpunctella
Appearance: Adults have wingspread of 5/8 inch; wings are pale gray,
with outer portion of forewing reddish-brown; larvae are about 1/2 inch long,
with dirty white color.
Habits: Adults fly mainly at night.
Diet: Larvae feed on all kinds of grains, flours, and dried fruits.
Reproduction: Females lay between 200 to 400 eggs in spring; complete
life cycle ranges from four to six weeks.
Other Criteria: Larvae and adults are often mistaken for clothes moths;
adults live only one or two weeks; larvae spin white, silken cocoons where they
pupate, and sometimes leave "webbing" behind.
House
Cricket: Acheta domesticus
Appearance: 3/4 to 1 inch long, light yellowish-brown, with three darker
brown bands on the head.
Habits: Nocturnal; live outdoors, but may be found indoors in warm areas,
particularly the kitchen, basement, fireplace, or in cracks; make a distinctive
chirping sound.
Diet: Eat or drink almost anything that is available, especially crumbs
and food scraps.
Reproduction: Eggs deposited singly in crevices and behind baseboards;
40 to 170 eggs laid at one stage; egg stage lasts eight to 12 weeks.
Other Criteria: May bite when captured
Field
Cricket: Genus Gryllus
Appearance: 1/2 to 1 - 1/4 inches long; black.
Habits: Found in pastures, meadows, lawns, occasionally indoors.
Diet: Eat almost anything but are partial to field crops, especially
alfalfa, wheat, oats, rye; will also feed on textiles of cotton, linen, wool
and silk.
Reproduction: Usually one generation per year, generally hatch in May,
become adults in July and August, mate, then die in September.
Other Criteria: Occasionally break out in massive numbers, with swarms
covering many square miles.
Camel
Cricket: Tachycines asynamorous
Appearance: Light tan to dark brown; 1/2 to 1 - 1/2 inches long; humpbacked
appearance.
Habits: Found in cool, damp areas, such as under logs or stones, and
in crawl spaces, basements and attics; nocturnal.
Diet: Will eat just about anything; they have been known to feed on clothes
and lace curtains.
Reproduction: Females lay eggs in spring, which hatch around April; there
is only one generation per year.
Other Criteria: Unlike other crickets, they do not chirp; they become
immobile in the presence of strong light.
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